Object-Oriented Programming (OOP )

Object-Oriented Programming

What are the 4 main object-oriented programming? what defines the behavior of an object in object-oriented programming ? which of the following is a unique feature of object-oriented programming? what is object-oriented programming? What are the 4 basics of OOP? What is an example of OOP? What is the concept of OOPs? Why do we use OOPs? Why do we need OOP? Where is OOP used in real life? What is class and example? What is object and example? When class is used? What is basic example of class?

OOP is a technique in which programs are written on the basis of objects. An object is a collection of data and functions. Object may represent a person, thing or place in real world In OOP, data and all possible functions on data are grouped together. Object oriented programs are easier to learn and modify. C++ and Java are most popular object-oriented languages.

Example

A person can be an example of an object. It has some properties or characteristics that describe it. Some properties of Person object can be as follows:

• Name

• Age

• Height

The Person object also has some functions that describe what it can do. Some functions of Person object can be as follows:

• Walk

• Talk

• Eat

Event-Driven Programming

Event-driven programming is a programming technique in which the statements are executed in response to an event. An event occurs when something happens.

In event-driven programming, the programmer writes the code that is executed when a particular event occurs. The event-driven programming technique is typically used with visual programming environments.

Some examples of events are as follows:

• Clicking the mouse button.

• Typing a character from keyboard

• Moving the mouse

• Deleting or changing a value

Some examples of event-driven programming are as follows:

• A popup menu appears when the user right clicks on a window.

• The current window is closed when the user presses ALT+F4.

• The file is printed when the user clicks Print button.

Visual Programming

Visual programming is used to provide a user-friendly interface for interacting with the programs. A visual programming environment provides different objects to develop a graphical user interface such as windows, menus, buttons and list boxes. The programmer can select any object from the toolbox to use in the program. These components can be moved, resized and renamed easily.

The visual programming environment allows the programmer to design the user interface and then attach the code with each object. The attached code is executed when the user interacts with different objects. For example, a window is closed when Close button is clicked Some examples of popular visual programming environments are Visual Studio NET and NetBeans.

Advantages/Features of Visual Programming

Some advantages of visual programming are as follows.

• Visual programming is easy to use and learn.

• A programmer does not have to write code to create components.

• The visual components can be moved, resized and deleted easily.

• The programmer can create the user interface easily.

• The components provided by the visual programming environment contain some built-in code.

• The visual components can react to different events For example, a button can display a message when the user clicks it.

Disadvantages of Visual Programming

Some disadvantages of visual programming are as follows:

• Visual programming environments are heavy and require more memory.

• It requires a computer with higher capacity of hard disk.

• Visual programs need a computer with faster processor for executioners.

• Visual programming can be implemented only on graphical operating systems like Microsoft Windows.

Object-Oriented Languages

What are the fully object-oriented languages? What is object-oriented language with example? Which language is most object-oriented? Which is 100% object-oriented language? Why a language is called object-oriented? Which is the 1st object-oriented language? What are 3 examples of object oriented language?

A type of high-level language in which a program is written on the basis of objects is called object oriented language. An object is a collection of data and functions. It may represent a person, thing or place in real world such as Student and Car. In OOP, data and all possible functions on data are grouped together. Object oriented programs are easier to learn and modify.

Features of Object-Oriented Programming

Some important features of object-oriented programming are as follows.

Objects

OOP provides the facility of programming based on objects. An object is an entity that consists of data and functions.

Classes

Classes are the designs that are used to create objects. OOP provides the facility to design classes to create different objects. The properties and functions of the objects are specified in classes.

Real-world Modeling

OOP is based on real-world modeling. The things in real world have properties and working capabilities. The objects in OOP have data and functions. Data represents properties and functions represent working of the objects.

Reusability

 OOP provides ways to reuse data and code. Inheritance is a technique that allows a programmer to use code of an existing program to create new programs.

Information Hiding

OOP allows the programmer to hide important data from the user. It is performed by encapsulation.

Polymorphism

Polymorphism is an ability of an object to behave in multiple ways.

Important Object-Oriented Programming Languages

Some important object-oriented programming languages are as follows:

C++

C++ is an object-oriented language. It was developed in 1980 at Bell Laboratories. It is an improved version of C language. It provides the facility of working with objects and classes. It is very powerful language and is used to develop a variety of programs.

Java

Java was developed at Sun Microsystems in 1995 by a team led by James Gosling, Sun Microsystems was purchased by Oracle in 2010. Java is an object-oriented programming language based on the syntax of C++. It is commonly used to develop applications for servers, desktop computers and mobile devices.

C#

C# is pronounced It was developed by Microsoft in 2000. It is a simple and modern object-oriented programming language. Its syntax is similar to C++. It can be used for desktop software and Web development.

Non-Procedural Languages

Non-procedural languages are also known as fourth generation languages or 4GL. In non-procedural languages, the user only tells the computer "what to do" not "how to do An important advantage of non-procedural languages is that they can be used by non- technical users to perform specific tasks. These languages accelerate programming process and reduce coding errors 4GL are normally used in database applications and report generation.

Some important non-procedural languages are as follows

Structured Query Language (SQL)

SQL stands for Structured Query Language It is the most popular database query language. It was developed by IBM It is a national standard by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) SQL works with database programs like MS Access, DB2 Informix, MS SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, etc

Report Program Generator (RPG)

RPG stands for Report Program Generator. It was developed in early 1960s by IBM. It is used to generate business reports. It is a nonprocedural language. It is mostly used with IBM mid-range computers.

Difference between Procedural & Non-procedural Languages

The difference between procedural and non-procedural languages is as follows:

Procedural Languages/3GL	Non-procedural Languages/4GL
Procedural language tells the computer what to do and how to do.	Non-procedural language tells the computer what to do, not how to do.
It is difficult to learn.	It is easy to learn.
It is difficult to debug.	It is easy to debug.
It requires large number of procedural instructions.	It requires a few non-procedural instructions.
It is normally used by professional programmers.	It can be used professional and non- technical users.
It is typically file-oriented.	It is typically database-oriented.
Procedural language provides many programming capabilities.	Non-procedural language provides less programming capabilities.